
Unit 1 Greeting People You Meet for the First Time
第一单元和与你初次见面的人打招呼
导 读
Unit 1-5是本书的第一大单元,交际主题是问候与介绍;语法要学习主系表、主谓宾和主谓宾状、主谓加双宾语、主谓加宾语加宾补这五种基本句型。
本课的大标题是“Greeting People You Meet for the First Time”(《和与你初次见面的人打招呼》)。本课中我们要通过两个对话“How do you do?”(“你好吗?”)、“At the canteen”(“在食堂”)和短文Welcome(“欢迎新老师”)学习用英语和与你初次见面的外国人打招呼,包括致意、问候、感谢的基本表达;语法要掌握be动词的基本用法和主系表结构。
注意: 课件里标注词组的课文中红色斜体及划线部分为重要表达法,应会背会写;蓝色的可替换部分;括号中多为从句。
译 文
对话一 你好吗?
李红是个接待员。她在一个技术学院的招待所工作。丽齐是南非来的留学生,李红正在机场迎接丽齐。
李:嗨!你就是丽齐吧!我是技术学院的李红。
丽齐:啊,你好,李红。谢谢你来接我。
李:你好,丽齐。欢迎到中国来。一路上还好吗?
丽齐:很好,就是有点儿累。你知道,路程挺长的。
李:是啊,咱们回学校招待所吧,都为你安排好了。
丽齐:你太好了。
李:别客气。
对话二 在食堂
李英是一家合资企业的新员工,史密斯先生是那儿的总工程师,他们在食堂里初次见面。
李英:您好,您是史密斯先生吗?
史密斯先生:啊,是我,西蒙·史密斯。
李英:您好,史密斯先生。
史密斯先生:您好。您是新员工吗?
李英:是的,我叫李英。听说我们这儿有一位英国来的总工程师,很高兴见到您。
史密斯先生:我也很高兴见到您。食堂里有很多好吃的东西。
李英:是啊,食堂饭菜不错。
史密斯先生:咱们就坐这张桌子这儿吃(午饭)吧。
短文 欢迎新老师
王小姐是英语系的秘书。她正向学生们介绍海伦·沃特斯教授。
同学们,晚上好!我荣幸地向你们介绍沃特斯教授。(鼓掌)沃特斯教授来自美国,本学期将担任我们的英语课。她曾在许多国家授课,是一位很优秀的教师,堪称英语教学的专家,写有十多本专著,能请她来为我们上课是我们的荣幸。现在让我们热烈欢迎她并请她讲几句话。
Main points of the text
Dialogue A
1. Li Hong is a receptionist.
主 + 系 + 表
主系表结构是英语简单句五种基本句型之一,主要说明主语的性质和状态,本课语法重点就是主系表结构。课文中有不少同样结构的句子,对话一情景介绍中还有两句:
Lizzy is an overseas student.
She is from South Africa.
2. She works at a guest house.
这句的结构也属于英语简单句五种基本句型之一,即“主语 + 谓语动词”。
本句中用的时态是一般现在时。英语中表达动作发生的时间除了用时间状语(表达时间的单词、短语乃至句子)之外,主要通过不同的时态,具体表现在动词形式的不同。一般现在时态的句子主语如果是第三人称单数,即she、he、it 或相当于she、he、it 如 my girlfriend, Mr Green, the textbook等时,谓语动词后要加s,情景介绍第四句中的meets也是同样道理。如果这样的句子变成否定句和疑问句,s就要移到助动词上:
She doesn’t work at a guest house.
— Does she work at a guest house?
— Yes, she does. // No, she doesn’t.
Where does she work?
3. a guest house of a technical school
这个词组还可以表达成a technical school’s guest house。
汉语说“A的B”时,英文说“B of A”或“A’s B”
4. 初次见面和正式场合的问候一般用 How do you do? 比较随意时说 Hello或 Hi。初次见面还要说 Glad to meet you之类的客气话。回答时均可重复原问话,语调稍做改变。
5. Thank you for coming to meet me.
for是介词,后面应带名词或名词性词组做宾语。
6. It’s a long journey, you know.
You know 是口头语,也可放句首,本意为“你知道”,但所说的事对方并不一定真知道。7. That’s very kind of you 或 It’s very nice of you 等是类似 Thank you 的感谢的话,回答时说:
别客气:You are welcome. 愿意效劳:It’s a / my pleasure. 不必客气:Don’t mention it.
注意翻译这类句子或短语时只要整体表达,别逐字汉译。
Dialogue B
1. canteen 是单位的食堂,公寓单元里的餐厅叫 dining-room,餐馆是restaurant,可以住宿的饭店是hotel。
2. Yeah 就是 Yes, 美国用法。
Passage
1. Now she is introducing Professor Helen Waters to the students.
词组 introduce sb. to sb.意为“把……介绍给……”。
2. a dozen books 不见得是确指12本,可译成十几本。中英文都有不少类似的表达。
3. It is a pleasure for us to have her as our English teacher here.
句型:It is + n. (名词) / adj. (形容词) + for sb. to do sth.意为“做某事对某人是……的”。
eg. It’s a honor for the children to meet the world-famous scientist at the airport.
孩子们荣幸地到机场迎接这位世界著名的科学家。
4. Now, let’s give her a warm welcome and ask her to say a few words to us.
该简单句中包含两个基本句型。
let’s give her a warm welcome
主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
ask her to say a few words to us.
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
More practice of the text
1 Make a dialogue according to Dialogue A and the given situation.
按照对话一和给出的情景仿造对话。
Miss Wang, the secretary of the English department, now meets Professor Waters at the airport.
提示:尽量套用书上现成的表达,要避免按自己想的中文硬编。
2 Make a short speech according to the second paragraph of the passage and the given situation.
按照短文第二段和给出的情景说一段话。
You are Li Chaoyang, the manager(经理)of a joint venture. Now you are introducing Ms(女士)Smith, the new chief engineer(总工程师)and an expert in computer software(计算机软件)to the staff(全体员工).
Key:
1.(略)
2.(参考)
Good evening , everyone. I have the honor to introduce Ms Smith to you. Ms Smith is from the United States of America (美国). She will be our new chief engineer. Ms Smith has worked in many different countries. She is an expert in the field of computer software. So, it is a pleasure for us to have her as our chief engineer here. Now, let’s give her a warm welcome and ask her to say a few words to us!
Helping you with the exercises
说明:
主教材上每课书有两部分练习,一部分针对课文,一部分专攻语法。课文练习有8—10项,分四种,依次为:检查课文理解;学习用英语交流;扩大词汇量;补充阅读。语法练习设在语法讲解之后,有2—3项,通常是英汉互译和填空。无论何种练习,编者都有明确的设计意图和精心安排,所考察内容通常是本课的重、难点,这就要求你对全课的语言点和语法内容都熟悉;各题一般是按在课中出现顺序排列,难度也是循序渐进;练习量较大,种类多样,你如果时间有限,不必面面俱到。
下面以第一课为例,研究如何做好这些练习。
Check your understanding
这部分是为检查学生对课文的程度。主要是判断正误和回答问题,也有选择题,这都是阅读理解的典型题型。
1 Are the following statements true (T) or false (F) according to the dialogues?
此题意为:下列说法是否符合对话内容?如符合,标T;不符合,标F。
1. F by train → by air 因为Li Hong now meets her at the airport, 见Dialogue A情景介绍最后一句。
2. F → Li Hong is a receptionist of the guest house of a technical school. 见Dialogue A情景介绍第一、二句。
3. T feel grateful to sb.,对某人感激,见Lizzy说的第一段话。
4. T stay at somewhere,逗留或住在某处,见李虹说的第三段话。
(以上为Dialogue A的内容)
5. T 见Dialogue B情景介绍第三句。
6. F Mr Smith tells Li Ying → Li Ying heard(听说),见李英说的第三段话。
2 Answer the following questions according to the dialogues.
做这种题要注意三点:首先,据实回答,每句话都有出处。其次,问话常与课文有不同的表达,如措辞或时态发生变化,所以不要总是照搬课文原句。再次,问句中的人名、地名和事物名称在意思清楚的条件下在答句中一般要变成相应的代词。
1.She is an overseas student from South Africa.
注意:问句中的人名在答句中已被人称代词代替。
2.have a good journey 旅途愉快
Yes, she did.
见Lizzy 说的第二段话。
3.Where(在哪里)
They will go to the guest house of the technical school.
见李虹说的第三段话。人称代词they 代替了Li Hong and Lizzy。注意:问句中的back不要抄上,因为对Lizzy而言,技术学院的招待所是个陌生的地方,所以不能说go back(回去)。
4.They usually greet each other with “How do you do?”.
人称代词they 代替了people。each other 意为“互相”;when意为“当……的时候”。
5.Because Li Ying is a new comer.
know each other意为“彼此认识”。
6.The food there is delicious.
3 Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1. The secretary of the English department.
2. 详:She is from the United States.
略:The United States.
3. Because she has taught students in many countries and she is the author of a dozen books in the field of English teaching. 见短文第二段第三~五行。
4. Yes, she has. She has written a dozen books in the field of English teaching.
She has written是从原文she is the author of a dozen books 变化而来。
Learn to communicate
这是为学生练习说英语创设的项目,提供了可资利用的更多表达法和完成对话练习。
4 Here is a summary of the patterns and expressions for greeting people. Read them and try to remember them by heart.
注释:
1. Long time no see. 来自汉语式英语的美国英语,意为“好久不见了。”
2.How are things with you? How are you doing? 你好吗?
3.And you? 那你呢?你好吗?这是省略句。口语中常用比较随便的说法。
5 Imagine you are Mr Li, a professor of English. You meet Professor Waters in the afternoon. Complete the dialogue by using the patterns and expressions you’ve learned.
这个练习要求你在假设的场景中扮演一个角色来完成对话,要用上你学过的句型和表达法。今天你的身份是一位英语教授,和沃特丝教授简短地互致问候。注意所填写的内容务必与上下文一致。
1. Good afternoon
2. Fine
3. And you 这是根据下文I’m fine, too判断出的。
4. Not bad
5. How are things with you 根据练习四我们还可以说How are you doing。
6. so-so 不过如此
7. Bye-bye
Build up your language stock
常见题型有同义词语匹配,用所给出的词语填空和汉译英。这道题不要求必做。我们只在第一课中进行指导。
6 Match the words in Column A with the explanations in Column B.
用B栏中的解释与A栏中的单词匹配。 注意B栏中常有生词出现(此题出的生词过多了,有些难度),能猜则猜,不得已再查字典,猜生词可是学英语必修的功课,我的一个学生曾经说,Miss Wang 既教我们学英语,又带我们猜谜语。在预习课文时要猜,做练习时要猜,阅读理解少不了遇到生词更得猜 —— 不是瞎猜,是根据上下文做正确的判断,至少推测出一个范围,可以培养语感,也锻炼判断推理的能力。当然,常查字典是很好的习惯,这与猜生词并不冲突。拿不准的读音、用法什么的一定要查清楚,不要稀里糊涂地混过去。
Key:
1. i employed 被雇的 2. e boarding 供应膳宿的 3. a 国外的 4. f trip 旅程 5. j where 引导定语从句修饰place 6. h period 阶段; academic year 学年; divided into 被分成; which 引导定语从句修饰period 7. g employee雇员; in charge 负责; office 办公室 8. b several 几个; division 分支机构 9. d person 人; special skill or knowledge 特殊的技能或知识; experience 经验; training 训练 10. c smell 气味; taste 味道
7 Translate the following phrases into Chinese with the help of a dictionary.
把下列词组翻译成汉语, 可以查字典。这个练习中有四组词组,都是以课文里的词组为基础扩展的,根据同样的构成原理,可以造出新的词组。
Key:
总经理 总工程师 总编 英语系 经营鞋的柜台/部门 百货商店 不同国家 不同的地方 不同习惯 十余本/十二本书 一打/十多枝铅笔 一打/十多个鸡蛋
8 Translate the following sentences into English by using the given phrases.
汉译英练习难度较大的原因有四:
1. 词汇量少。
2. 语法结构不清。
3. 时态难确定。
4. 词序拿不准。
要解决问题,就要从这四点着手。教材中汉译英练习的出题范围一般就是本课的重、难点,这就要求同学们对全课的语言点和语法内容都熟悉。看到题别忙着做,先领会出题人的意图,看看是考察哪方面的知识,再对症下药。语言点和时态是最先要考虑的。一些题后给出了提示词,那就是要考察的重点或句中的难点。
Key:
1. Professor Smith is a very experienced doctor.
2. We have the pleasure to / It’s a pleasure for us to work together with you.
3. How do you do, Mr Jones? Welcome to China.
4. I am / feel a little tired after the long journey.
5. Students often come to have their meals in this canteen / the canteen to have their meals.
Extra reading
9 Read the passage carefully and then choose the best answer from the four choices according to the passage.
这是阅读理解练习。不需要清楚地了解每个词语的含义,只要明白文章大意,能够按要求找到题目中的相应信息即可。注意每做一题都要在文中找到依据,不能想当然。
Key:
1. B 见最后一句。
2. D 这是道别的话。
3. C
4. D 问别人私事是不礼貌的。见第一段最后两句。
5. A 见最后一句。
Grammar Focus
系动词be在陈述句中的用法;主系表结构
grammar focus意为语法焦点。语法不可不学,但它不是学语言的最大法宝,因为它只是理论,是法则,要掌握一门语言更需要的是感性知识和大量的语言实践。本教材强调交际功能,对语法淡化处理,用表格形式简要地介绍语法内容,配有两三个相应的练习,主要是汉英互译和词形填空。每讲几课相关内容即做一小结,也配有练习。练习册中也配有相应内容的练习。
Practice your grammar
1 Put the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to(注意)verb to BE.
Key:
1. 李红是一所工业学校招待所的接待员。
2. 丽齐是一位南非的留学生。
3. 你一定是丽齐,我是工业学校的李红。
4. 我一点也不累。
5. 那儿一切都为你准备好了。
6. 你太客气了。
7. 不用客气。
8. 他不是中国人。他是日本人。
2 Translate the following sentences into English.
Key:
1. Li Ying is a new employee at the joint-venture.
2. Mr. Smith is an experienced engineer.
3. My name is not Li Ying. I’m Li Hong.
4. I’m so glad to meet you here.
5. English is a very useful language.
6. There is a canteen in the company.
7. It will not be a fine day tomorrow.
8. Li Ying and Mr. Smith will work together.
9. Lizzy was in Beijing last week.
10. Professor Waters and Mr. Smith were schoolmates.
3 Read the short passage and complete the following resume accordingly.
Key:
Name : Helen Waters |
Sex: Female |
Age: 50 |
Health: Sound |
Education: 1956-1968 primary, secondary schooling |
1968-1972 college education |
1972-1975 post-graduate study |
Working experience: 1975-1980 teaching history at secondary schools |
1980-1998 teaching English at universities overseas |
Present job: English teacher at a technical school in China |
Merry Learning
learning是“学习”, merry 意为“快乐的”,所以这是一项寓教于乐的内容。它分为三个小环节:
1. 机智问答(类似脑筋急转弯的智力测验题)或幽默小对话、谚语、绕口令、趣味小百科、小诗等。
2. 语音练习。每次总结一个字母或字母组合的各种读音。
3. 语音语调。内容为日常小对话。
每个环节都配有录音供学生模仿。
内容详见多媒体配套光盘。
Listening In and Speaking Out
此题要求同学们先做听力题,再利用听力材料通过模仿、朗读、描述图片练习口语。此部分注有生词,见课件。
听材料最重要的是抓大意和主要信息:事件、时间、场所、事件原因、人物关系、观点态度。一般细节和个别生词可以忽略。考试时要抓紧题与题之间的空隙浏览下一题;上一题未做出不要再想,以免耽误后面的题。
1 Conversations
Listen to the conversations and choose the best answers to complete the statements.
1. Miss Green and Mr. Zhang ______.
a. are old friends c. meet each other for the first time
b. are strangers(陌生人) d. don’t know each other
2. The man is _________.
a. watching TV b. seeing a film c. learning English d. buying a dictionary
3. The conversation is most likely taking place in a ________(对话很有可能发生在……).
a. library b. bookstore c. shop d. lab
4. The man is ________.
a. speaking to Jane c. writing a letter
b. having a meeting d. making a phone call(打电话)
5. The woman is just back from _______.
a. work b. a trip c. her class d. a cinema
2 Passage
Listen to the passage and then decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. People like to be friendly when meeting each other for the first time.
2. “Small talks” refers to(指的是) some polite(有礼貌的) questions and answers on daily life(日 常生活).
3. When meeting strangers, you should introduce yourself first of all(首先).
4. We should always talk about the weather with strangers.
3 Spot Dictation
Listen to the short passage and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
A dentist is a _______ who cures people of their _____ teeth. Dr. William is a children’s dentist. He is always so _______ and patient to children. So, children _________ to go to his office. He tells them ________ their teeth. He cleans their teeth ________. He also takes care of their toothaches and ________their broken teeth. Then he gives _________ a gift.
4 Picture Identification
Listen to the six statements and identify which are true (T) and which are false (F).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.